Java Encapsulation MCQs

1
What is encapsulation in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

Encapsulation in Java refers to bundling data (attributes) and methods (functions) together into a single unit known as a class. This promotes data hiding and abstraction.



Key Explanation


  • Encapsulation bundles data and methods together within a class.
  • Encapsulation hides the internal details of the object and provides a well-defined interface for interacting with it.
  • Access to the internal data is controlled through methods, maintaining data integrity.


Additional Information


  • Encapsulation is a key concept in object-oriented programming language
  • Encapsulation helps in preventing unauthorized access to internal data and ensures consistent behavior.
  • Java uses access modifiers like private, protected, and public to enforce encapsulation.
  • Encapsulation helps to reduces complexity and organized the code.
  • It improves code maintainability and reusability.


2
Which keyword is used to define a package in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The correct answer is 'package'. The 'package' keyword is used to define a package in Java, which is a way to organize classes into a common namespace.



Key Explanation


  • A package in Java is a group of related classes and interfaces.
  • Code organized, naming conflict management, and code modularity are all made easier with the use of packages.
  • The package declaration is the first statement in a Java source file.


Additional Information


  • Packages are a vital part of Java's modular structure.
  • Packages helps in creation of larger applications by breaking them into smaller and manageable units.
  • It is simpler to find and utilize classes because to Java's standard library's package-based organized
  • The 'import' keyword is used to include classes from other packages into your code.
  • Package names usually follow a reverse domain format (e.g., 'com.example.mypackage').


3
What is the default access modifier in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

The correct answer is 'default'. In Java, if no access modifier is explicitly specified, the member has package-level access, also known as 'default' access.



Key Explanation


  • The default access modifier allows a member to be accessed within its own package but not from outside.
  • It's often used for package-private access, where members are accessible only within the same package.
  • No explicit keyword is used for the default access modifier; it's achieved by omitting any access modifier.


Additional Information


  • Default access is useful when you want to hide implementation details from other packages.
  • Default access provides a level of encapsulation within the same package.
  • Classes and methods with default access can be accessed by other classes within the same package.
  • It's important to choose the appropriate access modifier based on the desired level of visibility and encapsulation.
  • Access modifiers in Java include 'private', 'default', 'protected', and 'public'.


4
Which of the following statements is true about encapsulation?

View Answer
Correct Answer: B )

The correct answer is the fourth option. Encapsulation in Java bundles data (attributes) and methods (functions) together into a single unit known as a class.



Key Explanation


  • Encapsulation combines data and methods to form a self-contained unit (class).
  • Encapsulation promotes data hiding, abstraction, and controlled access to data.
  • Encapsulation helps in building modular and maintainable code.


Additional Information


  • Encapsulation plays a key role in object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts.
  • Encapsulation helps in code organization, minimizes complexity, and improves code reusability.
  • Access modifiers are used to define the visibility and accessibility of class members.
  • The idea of encapsulating implementation details is supported by encapsulation.
  • It provides a clear separation between an object's external interface and internal implementation.


5
What is the purpose of access modifiers in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The correct answer is the third option. Access modifiers in Java are used to control the visibility and accessibility of class members within different parts of the program.



Key Explanation


  • Access modifiers determine which classes can access a particular class or its members.
  • Access modifiers help in enforcing encapsulation and maintaining data integrity.
  • Java provides four access modifiers: private, default (package-private), protected, and public.


Additional Information


  • Access modifiers play a crucial role in managing code organization and preventing unauthorized access.
  • 'Private' members are only accessible within the same class.
  • 'Default' (package-private) members are accessible within the same package.
  • 'Protected' members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.
  • 'Public' members are accessible from anywhere in the program.


6
Which access modifier allows a class member to be accessed within the same package and its subclasses?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The correct answer is 'protected'. The 'protected' access modifier allows a class member to be accessed within the same package and its subclasses.



Key Explanation


  • Protected members provide a higher level of visibility compared to default (package-private) members.
  • They allow access within the same package and subclasses, even if they're located in different packages.
  • Protected members are often used to provide controlled access to methods and fields for subclasses.


Additional Information


  • 'Private' members are accessible only within the same class.
  • 'Default' (package-private) members are accessible within the same package.
  • 'Public' members are accessible from anywhere.
  • Java's access modifiers ensure controlled access and encapsulation.
  • Using access modifiers appropriately improves code maintainability and security.


7
What is the significance of encapsulation in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

The correct answer is the third option. Encapsulation in Java combines data (attributes) and methods (functions) into a single unit known as a class.



Key Explanation


  • Encapsulation promotes data hiding, abstraction, and controlled access to data.
  • Encapsulation prevents unauthorized access to internal implementation details of a class.
  • Encapsulation helps in building modular and maintainable code.


Additional Information


  • Encapsulation is one of the core concept of object-oriented programming languages
  • It helps to separate the external interface of an object from its internal implementation.
  • Java's access modifiers (private, protected, default, public) aid in implementing encapsulation.
  • Data security and integrity are improved by encapsulation by combining data and methods into a single capsule.
  • It allows classes to evolve independently without affecting other parts of the program.


8
Which access modifier restricts a class member's visibility to within the same class only?

View Answer
Correct Answer: B )

The correct answer is 'private'. The 'private' access modifier restricts a class member's visibility to within the same class only.



Key Explanation


  • Private members are the most restricted in terms of visibility.
  • They can only be accessed and modified within the same class.
  • Private members are used to encapsulate implementation details.


Additional Information


  • 'Default' (package-private) members are accessible within the same package.
  • 'Protected' members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.
  • 'Public' members are accessible from anywhere in the program.
  • Using private members prevents direct external access and promotes encapsulation.
  • Private members are useful for internal bookkeeping and maintaining data integrity.


9
In Java, what is the purpose of a package?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The correct answer is the first option. In Java, the purpose of a package is to group related classes and interfaces together into a common namespace.



Key Explanation


  • A package is a way to organize and manage classes, interfaces, and other resources.
  • Packages facilitate better code organized and prevent naming conflicts.
  • Java's standard library is organized into packages for easier navigation.


Additional Information


  • Packages enable the creation of modular and maintainable codebases.
  • Packages useful for organizing code and improving code reusability.
  • Packages are identified by their fully qualified names (e.g., 'java.util').
  • The 'import' keyword is used to include classes from other packages.


10
What is the access level of a class member with no access modifier specified?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The correct answer is 'default'. When no access modifier is specified for a class member, it has 'default' access, also known as package-private access.



Key Explanation


  • Default access allows the member to be accessed within the same package.
  • Members with default access are not accessible from outside the package.
  • This promotes encapsulation and information hiding within the package.


Additional Information


  • 'Private' members are only accessible within the same class.
  • 'Protected' members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.
  • 'Public' members are accessible from anywhere in the program.
  • Managing visibility and code security requires selecting the right access modifiers.
  • Default access is a key concept in Java's access control system.






11
Which of the following access modifiers has the widest visibility in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The correct answer is 'public'. The 'public' access modifier has the widest visibility in Java, making class members accessible from anywhere in the program.



Key Explanation


  • Public members can be accessed from any class or package.
  • Public access modifier is often used for methods and fields that form an object's public interface.
  • Using 'public' members requires careful consideration of data security and usage scenarios.


Additional Information


  • 'Private' members are only accessible within the same class.
  • 'Default' (package-private) members are accessible within the same package.
  • 'Protected' members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.
  • 'Public' access provides maximum visibility but requires responsible use.
  • Public members form an important part of the API (Application Programming Interface).


12
What is the main purpose of using access modifiers in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The correct answer is the fourth option. The main purpose of using access modifiers in Java is to control the visibility and accessibility of class members within different parts of the program.



Key Explanation


  • Access modifiers determine who can access class members and from where.
  • Access modifiers provide control over encapsulation and information hiding.
  • Java has four access modifiers: private, default (package-private), protected, and public.


Additional Information


  • Using access modifiers contributes to the security and maintainability of code.
  • 'Private' members are only accessible within the same class.
  • 'Default' (package-private) members are accessible within the same package.
  • 'Protected' members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.
  • 'Public' members can be accessed from anywhere in the program.


13
Which of the following is an example of encapsulation in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

The correct answer is the fourth option. Encapsulation in Java involves hiding the internal implementation details of a class while providing a well-defined external interface.



Key Explanation


  • Encapsulation promotes data hiding, abstraction, and controlled access to data.
  • It promotes data hiding, abstraction, and controlled access to data.
  • Encapsulation ensures that the internal implementation can change without affecting users of the class.


Additional Information


  • Combining unrelated classes into a single package is about package organization.
  • Accessing public members from a different package is related to access control.
  • Grouping similar methods together is a common practice but doesn't necessarily involve encapsulation.
  • Encapsulation contributes to code maintainability and reduces code coupling.
  • It prevents users from directly modifying internal state and ensures data integrity.


14
Which of the following access modifiers provides the most restricted visibility?

View Answer
Correct Answer: B )

The correct answer is 'private'. The 'private' access modifier provides the most restricted visibility, limiting access to within the same class.



Key Explanation


  • Private members are inaccessible outside the class where they're defined.
  • Private members are used to encapsulate and hide implementation details.
  • Private members are crucial for maintaining data integrity and preventing unauthorized access.


Additional Information


  • 'Default' (package-private) members are accessible within the same package.
  • 'Protected' members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.
  • 'Public' members have the widest visibility, accessible from anywhere.
  • Using 'private' members helps in achieving strong encapsulation.
  • Access modifiers ensure proper control over code access.


15
Why is encapsulation considered an important concept in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The correct answer is the fourth option. Encapsulation in Java is important to ensure data security and integrity by hiding internal implementation details.



Key Explanation


  • Encapsulation helps in maintaining data integrity and preventing unauthorized access.
  • Encapsulation hides implementation details from the outside world.
  • Encapsulation promotes controlled access to data and methods.


Additional Information


  • While encapsulation contributes to improved code organization, it is not primarily about package structure.
  • Code execution speed and memory utilization are not directly influenced by encapsulation.
  • Encapsulation help in building modular and maintainable code.
  • Encapsulation enables classes to change their internal implementation without affecting other parts of the program.
  • Encapsulation is a key factor in achieving the principles of information hiding and abstraction.


16
What is the default access modifier for class members in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The correct answer is 'default'. If no access modifier is specified for a class member in Java, it has 'default' access, also known as package-private access.



Key Explanation


  • Default access allows members to be accessed within the same package.
  • Members with default access are not accessible from outside the package.
  • This helps in encapsulation and information hiding within the package.


Additional Information


  • 'Private' members are only accessible within the same class.
  • 'Protected' members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.
  • 'Public' members are accessible from anywhere in the program.
  • Using default access is a key part of Java's access control system.
  • It encourages code organization and modular design.


17
What is the primary benefit of using encapsulation in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: B )

The correct answer is the first option. The primary benefit of using encapsulation in Java is reducing code complexity by encapsulating implementation details within classes.



Key Explanation


  • Encapsulation promotes data hiding and abstraction.
  • Code complexity is removed by encapsulation because it offers a clear interface for user interaction.
  • Encapsulation enhances code modularity and maintainability.


Additional Information


  • Encapsulation doesn't directly affect memory usage or execution speed.
  • While encapsulation can contribute to minimizing package dependencies, that's not its primary focus.
  • Encapsulation improves code security by controlling access to class members.
  • It prevents unintended modifications to data and maintains a clear separation between interface and implementation.


18
Which access modifier allows a class member to be accessed from anywhere in the program?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The correct answer is 'public'. The 'public' access modifier allows a class member to be accessed from anywhere in the program.



Key Explanation


  • Public members can be accessed from any class or package.
  • This access modifier is often used for methods and fields forming an object's public interface.
  • Using 'public' members requires careful consideration of data security and usage scenarios.


Additional Information


  • 'Private' members are only accessible within the same class.
  • 'Default' (package-private) members are accessible within the same package.
  • 'Protected' members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.
  • 'Public' access provides maximum visibility but requires responsible use.
  • Public members form an important part of the API (Application Programming Interface).


19
Which of the following is true about access modifiers in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The correct answer is the second option. Protected members are accessible within the same package and by subclasses, even if they're located in different packages.



Key Explanation


  • Protected members provide a higher level of visibility compared to default (package-private) members.
  • They allow access within the same package and subclasses, even if located in different packages.
  • Protected members are often used to provide controlled access for subclasses.


Additional Information


  • 'Private' members are only accessible within the same class.
  • 'Default' (package-private) members are accessible within the same package.
  • 'Public' members are accessible from anywhere in the program.
  • Using protected members requires understanding of access control and inheritance relationships.
  • Protected access contributes to the principle of encapsulating implementation details.


20
What is the primary purpose of using packages in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

The correct answer is the second option. The primary purpose of using packages in Java is to create a unique namespace for each class, organizing them into a logical and structured hierarchy.



Key Explanation


  • Packages help in avoiding naming conflicts and improving code organization.
  • Packages offer a way to group together classes and interfaces that are related.
  • Packages enable modular development and enhance code maintainability.


Additional Information


  • Packages don't directly impact code execution speed or optimization.
  • Multiple inheritance is achieved using interfaces in Java, not packages.
  • Limiting the number of methods in a class is a design consideration but is not the primary purpose of packages.
  • Proper package naming and organization contribute to readable and maintainable codebases.






21
public class Student {
    private int rollNumber;
    public String name;

    public Student(int rollNumber, String name) {
        this.rollNumber = rollNumber;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getRollNumber() {
        return rollNumber;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student = new Student(101, "Alice");
        System.out.println(student.getName() + " has roll number " + student.getRollNumber());
    }
}

What is the output of the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

The code demonstrates encapsulation with private fields and getter/setter methods.



Key Explanation


  • Encapsulation ensures data hiding and controlled access to fields.
  • Private fields can only be accessed using getter and setter methods.


Additional Information


  • Encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.
  • Getter methods retrieve the values of private fields.
  • Setter methods allow modification of private fields.


22
class BankAccount {
    private double balance;

    public BankAccount(double initialBalance) {
        balance = initialBalance;
    }

    protected void deposit(double amount) {
        balance += amount;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BankAccount account = new BankAccount(1000);
        account.deposit(500);
        System.out.println("Balance: " + account.balance);
    }
}
What will be the output of the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The 'deposit' method is protected and can be accessed from subclasses.



Key Explanation


  • Protected access modifier allows access within the same package and subclasses.
  • The 'Main' class is not a subclass of 'BankAccount', so it can't access 'balance' directly.


Additional Information


  • Access modifiers control the visibility of class members.
  • Protected members are accessible within subclasses and the same package.


23
package com.example;

public class MyClass {
    int x = 5;
    private int y = 10;
}

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyClass obj = new MyClass();
        System.out.println(obj.x + obj.y);
    }
}
What is the output of the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The 'y' variable is private and can't be accessed from outside the class.



Key Explanation


  • Private variables are only accessible within the same class.
  • 'x' is accessible because it has default access modifier.


Additional Information


  • Access modifiers restrict the visibility of class members.
  • 'private' variables can't be accessed outside the class they are declared in.


24
Which package should be imported to use the 'ArrayList' class?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The 'ArrayList' class is part of the 'java.util' package.



Key Explanation


  • Packages are used to organize classes into meaningful groups.
  • 'java.util' package contains utility classes like collections and input/output operations.


Additional Information


  • Packages prevent naming conflicts and provide better organization.
  • Importing a package allows you to access classes from that package.


25
Which of the following statements imports all classes from the 'java.awt' package?

View Answer
Correct Answer: B )

The 'import java.awt.*;' statement imports all classes from the 'java.awt' package.



Key Explanation


  • The asterisk (*) is used as a wildcard to import all classes from a package.


Additional Information


  • Import statements reduce the need for fully qualified class names.
  • Wildcard imports should be used judiciously to avoid naming conflicts.


26
What is the purpose of using packages in Java?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

Packages help organize classes into meaningful groups.



Key Explanation


  • Packages aid in avoiding naming conflicts between classes.
  • Packages provide a way to control access with access modifiers.


Additional Information


  • Packages facilitate modularity and maintainability in Java applications.
  • Java's standard library is organized into packages.


27
class Parent {
    private void display() {
        System.out.println("Parent display");
    }
}

class Child extends Parent {
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("Child show");
    }
}

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Parent parent = new Child();
        parent.display();
    }
}
What is the output of the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

Private methods are not inherited by subclasses.



Key Explanation


  • Private methods in the superclass are not accessible in subclasses.


Additional Information


  • Access modifiers control the visibility of class members.
  • 'private' members are not visible outside their own class.


28
Which access modifier is most restrictive?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

The 'private' access modifier restricts visibility to within the class only.



Key Explanation


  • Access modifiers determine the level of access for class members.
  • 'private' members can only be accessed within the same class.


Additional Information


  • 'private' members are not accessible outside their own class.
  • 'public' members are accessible from anywhere.


29
class MyClass {
    protected int x = 5;
}

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyClass obj = new MyClass();
        System.out.println(obj.x);
    }
}
What will be the output of the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The 'protected' variable 'x' can be accessed within the same package.



Key Explanation


  • Protected members are accessible within the same package and subclasses.


Additional Information


  • Access modifiers control the visibility of class members.
  • 'protected' members provide a limited scope of access.


30
Which access modifier allows a class member to be accessible anywhere?

View Answer
Correct Answer: B )

The 'public' access modifier makes a class member accessible from anywhere.



Key Explanation


  • Public members are accessible without any restrictions.


Additional Information


  • Access modifiers determine the level of visibility of class members.
  • 'private' members are only accessible within the same class.






31
class MyProgram {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, world!");
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: B )

The code is correct.



Key Explanation


  • The 'public static void main(String[] args)' is the entry point of a Java program.


Additional Information


  • The 'main' method signature should have 'public static void' return type.
  • The 'System.out.println' statement prints a message to the console.


32
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("Enter a number: ");
        int number = scanner.nextInt();
        System.out.println("You entered: " + number);
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

The code is correct.



Key Explanation


  • The code uses 'Scanner' to read user input.
  • 'nextInt' reads an integer from the console.


Additional Information


  • 'Scanner' is part of the 'java.util' package, so it needs to be imported.
  • 'Scanner' is used to read user input from the console.


33
public class MyProgram {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        int y = 20;
        int sum = x + y;
        System.out.println("Sum: " + sum)
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The code has a missing semicolon after 'println' statement.



Key Explanation


  • Semicolons are used to terminate statements in Java.
  • The 'System.out.println' statement is missing a semicolon.


Additional Information


  • Java syntax requires semicolons at the end of statements.
  • Statements should be properly terminated for the code to compile.


34
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
        String name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("Hello, " + name);
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: A )

The code is correct.



Key Explanation


  • 'Scanner' is used to read user input from the console.
  • 'nextLine' reads a line of text, including spaces.


Additional Information


  • 'Scanner' is part of the 'java.util' package, so it needs to be imported.
  • Readers can input their names using the console.


35
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int numbers[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
        for (int i = 0; i <= numbers.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(numbers[i] + " ");
        }
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: B )

The loop condition should be 'i < numbers.length' to avoid ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.



Key Explanation


  • Arrays in Java are zero-indexed.
  • The loop should iterate up to 'numbers.length - 1' to avoid going out of bounds.


Additional Information


  • Array indices range from 0 to length - 1.
  • Accessing an array index beyond its length results in an error.


36
class MyProgram {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        double y = 20.5;
        char ch = "A";
        System.out.println(x + y + ch);
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The error is in the declaration of variable 'ch'.



Key Explanation


  • Characters are enclosed in single quotes in Java.
  • 'ch' should be declared as 'char ch = 'A';'.


Additional Information


  • Characters are represented by single characters enclosed in single quotes.
  • Strings are enclosed in double quotes.


37
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter your age: ");
        int age = scanner.next();
        System.out.println("Your age is: " + age);
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The error is in reading input using 'scanner.next()'.



Key Explanation


  • The 'next' method of 'Scanner' returns a token of type 'String'.
  • To read an integer, use 'nextInt' instead of 'next'.


Additional Information


  • 'Scanner' is used to read user input from the console.
  • Methods like 'nextInt' are used to parse specific types of input.


38
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
        String name = scanner.next();
        System.out.println("Hello, " + name);
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The code is correct.



Key Explanation


  • 'Scanner' is used to read user input from the console.
  • 'next' reads a token separated by whitespace.


Additional Information


  • 'Scanner' is part of the 'java.util' package, so it needs to be imported.
  • 'String' is a core Java class and doesn't require an explicit import.


39
class MyClass {
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("Hello, world!");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyClass obj = new MyClass();
        obj.display();
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: C )

The code is correct.



Key Explanation


  • The 'display' method of 'MyClass' is called using the 'obj' instance.


Additional Information


  • Methods are defined within classes and encapsulate functionality.
  • 'public' methods can be accessed from anywhere.


40
class Parent {
    private int x;
}

class Child extends Parent {
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("Value of x: " + x);
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Child child = new Child();
        child.display();
    }
}
What is the error in the following code?

View Answer
Correct Answer: D )

The code is correct.



Key Explanation


  • The 'Child' class inherits the 'x' variable from the 'Parent' class.


Additional Information


  • Private members of a superclass are not directly accessible in subclasses.
  • Access modifiers determine the scope of visibility for class members.






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